EMF and your Health References and Resources
California Public Utilities Commission
Health Canada
- Health Canada
- Power lines and electrical products: Extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields
UK Health Security Agency (formerly Public Health England)
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
IARC. 2002. “Non-ionizing Radiation, Part 1: Static and Extremely Low Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields (19-26 June 2001).” International Agency for Research on Cancer, Vol. 80, Lyon, France.
- Non-ionizing Radiation, Part 1: Static and Extremely Low-frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields
- IARC Monographs Preamble – Preamble to the IARC Monographs (amended January 2019)
- Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs, Volumes 1–132
Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
IEEE. 2002. “IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, 0–3 kHz .” Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, IEEE Std. C95.6, New York, NY.
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP)
- ICNIRP. 2010. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields (1 Hz to 100 kHz) . Health Phys 99:818–36.
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS): “EMF: Electric and Magnetic Fields Associated with the Use of Electric Power –Questions & Answers. ” (2002)
- EMF Limits Around the World
World Health Organization
WHO. 2007. “Extremely Low Frequency Fields. Environmental Health Criteria. ” World Health Organization, Vol. 238, Geneva, Switzerland.
WHO Health Topics: Electromagnetic Fields
Peer Literature: Epidemiology
Ahlbom A., Day N., Feychting M., Roman E., Skinner J., Dockerty J., Linet M., McBride M., Michaelis J., Olsen J.H., Tynes T., Verkasalo P.K. 2000. A pooled analysis of magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia. Br J Cancer 83:692-8.
Amoon A.T., Crespi C.M., Ahlbom A., Bhatnagar M., Bray I., Bunch K.J., Clavel J., Feychting M., Hémon D., Johansen C., Kreis C., Malagoli C., Marquant F., Pedersen C., Raaschou-Nielsen O., Röösli M., Spycher B.D., Sudan M., Swanson J., Tittarelli A, Tuck D.M., Tynes T., Vergara X., Vinceti M., Wünsch- Filho V., Kheifets L. 2018 Proximity to overhead power lines and childhood leukaemia: an international pooled analysis. Br J Cancer. 2018 Aug;119(3):364-373. doi: 10.1038/s41416-018-0097-7. Epub 2018 May 29.
Bunch K.J., Keegan T.J., Swanson J., Vincent T.J., Murphy M.F. 2014. Residential distance at birth from overhead high-voltage powerlines: childhood cancer risk in Britain 1962-2008. Br J Cancer 110:1402-8.
Draper G., Vincent T., Kroll M.E, Swanson J. 2005. Childhood cancer in relation to distance from high voltage power lines in England and Wales: a case-control study. Bmj 330:1290.
Foliart D.E., Pollock B.H., Mezei G., Iriye R., Silva J.M., Ebi K.L., Kheifets L., Link M.P., Kavet R. 2006. Magnetic field exposure and long-term survival among children with leukaemia. Br J Cancer 94:161-4.
Greenland S., Sheppard A.R., Kaune W.T., Poole C., Kelsh M.A. 2000. A pooled analysis of magnetic fields, wire codes, and childhood leukemia. Childhood Leukemia-EMF Study Group. Epidemiology 11:624-34.
Kheifets L., Ahlbom A., Crespi CM, Feychting M., Johansen C., Monroe J., Murphy MF, Oksuzyan S., Preston-Martin S., Roman E., Saito T., Savitz D., Schuz J., Simpson J., Swanson J., Tynes T., Verkasalo P., Mezei G. 2010. A pooled analysis of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and childhood brain tumors. Am J Epidemiol 172:752–61.
Kheifets L., Ahlbom A., Crespi C.M., Draper G., Hagihara J., Lowenthal R.M., Mezei G., Oksuzyan S., Schuz J., Swanson J., Tittarelli A., Vinceti M., Wunsch Filho V. 2010. Pooled analysis of recent studies on magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia. Br J Cancer 103:1128–35.
Kheifets L., Crespi C.M., Hooper C., Oksuzyan S., Cockburn M., Ly T., Mezei G. 2013. Epidemiologic study of residential proximity to transmission lines and childhood cancer in California: description of design, epidemiologic methods and study population. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 25:45–52.
Kheifets L., Crespi C.M., Hooper C., Cockburn M., Amoon A.T., Vergara XP. 2017. Residential magnetic fields exposure and childhood leukemia: a population-based case-control study in California. Cancer Causes Control. 2017 Oct;28(10:1117-1123. doi: 10.1007/s10552-017-0951-6. Epub 2017 Sep 12.
Pedersen C., Raaschou-Nielsen O, Rod N.H., Frei P., Poulsen A.H., Johansen C., Schuz J. 2014. Distance from residence to power line and risk of childhood leukemia: a population-based case-control study in Denmark. Cancer Causes Control 25:171-7.
Schuz J., Grell K., Kinsey S., Linet M.S., Link M.P., Mezei G., Pollock B.H., Roman E., Zhang Y., McBride M.L., Johansen C., Spix C., Hagihara J., Saito A.M., Simpson J., Robison L.L., Dockerty J.D., Feychting M., Kheifets L., Frederiksen K. 2012. Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an international follow-up study. Blood Cancer J 2:e98.
Sermage-Faure C., Demoury C., Rudant J., Goujon-Bellec S., Guyot-Goubin A., Deschamps F., Hemon D., Clavel J. 2013. Childhood leukaemia close to high-voltage power lines–the Geocap study, 2002-2007. Br J Cancer 108:1899-906.
Svendsen A.L., Weihkopf T., Kaatsch P., Schuz J. 2007. Exposure to magnetic fields and survival after diagnosis of childhood leukemia: a German cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:1167-71.
Swanson J., Kheifets L.I., Vergara X. 2019. Changes over time in the reported risk for childhood leukaemia and magnetic fields. J Radiol Prot. 2019 Feb 8. doi: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab0586. [Epub ahead of print]